Which function serves as the foundation of the management process?

Planning serves as the foundation of the management process because it involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. By clearly defining goals and the steps needed to reach them, planning establishes the framework within which all other management functions operate. It provides direction and purpose, enabling leaders to make informed decisions and allocate resources effectively.

Without a solid planning process, leading, organizing, and controlling become much more difficult, as these functions rely on having clear goals and a defined strategy to guide their implementation. In essence, planning is the initial step that informs subsequent actions in management, making it a critical component for effective leadership and organizational success.