What principle states that each individual should report to only one supervisor?

The principle that states each individual should report to only one supervisor is known as unity of command. This concept is crucial in organizational structures, especially in fire service and emergency management. Unity of command ensures clarity in leadership and accountability, which helps prevent confusion about responsibilities and authority. When each individual is accountable to a single supervisor, it streamlines decision-making and enhances operational efficiency, as it eliminates conflicting instructions from multiple authorities.

In practice, adherence to this principle helps to foster a well-defined hierarchy necessary for effective command during emergencies. This structure can facilitate quicker responses and clearer lines of communication, which is essential in urgent and high-pressure situations typical in fire service roles.

The other concepts, while important in organizational theory, serve different functions. The chain of command refers to the formal line of authority and communication from the top of the hierarchy down to the lowest levels, which can encompass multiple supervisors if not specifically tied to the principle of unity of command. Span of control pertains to the number of subordinates a supervisor can effectively manage, and functional specialization focuses on the division of tasks among different people or teams based on their expertise or skills.